Lesson Overview
What is Oral History? - Oral history is a field of study and a method of gathering, preserving and interpreting the voices and memories of people, communities, and participants in past events. Oral history is both the oldest type of historical inquiry, predating the written word, and one of the most modern, initiated with tape recorders in the 1940s and now using 21st-century digital technologies. http://www.oralhistory.org/about/do-oral-history/
Web Guide to doing Oral History:
http://www.oralhistory.org/web-guides-to-doing-oral-history/
Stono's Rebellion, September 9, 1739
Stono's rebellion was only one among the 250 rebellions documented in the Colonies and later in the southern United States. In 1822, a conspiracy to incite 9,000 slaves became known as Vesey's Rebellion. After Nat Turner's Rebellion in 1831, where nearly 60 white people were killed, Turner was executed.
When the slave owners caught up with the rebels from the Stono River in 1739, they engaged the 60 to 100 slaves in a battle. More than 20 white Carolinians, and nearly twice as many black Carolinians, were killed. As a result, South Carolina's lawmakers enacted a harsher slave code. This new code severely limited the privileges of slaves. They were no longer allowed to grow their own food, assemble in groups, earn their own money or learn to read. Some of these restrictions were already in place, but they had not been strictly enforced.
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/colonial/jb_colonial_stono_2.html
Library of Congress: This Day in History September 9
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep09.html
Another reason behind the uprising was that Spain, who was at war with Britain, was offering slaves their freedom in return for their fighting on the Spanish side against Britain. Word quickly spread from Florida through the backwoods of Georgia and into the lowcountry of South Carolina. There are several other reasons that have been speculated, however, no one knows for sure. There is only one known eyewitness account to the Stono Rebellion. William Bull, then Governor of South Carolina, came upon the uprising. He and his accompanying party barely escaped the ravages of the rebelling slaves. He summoned help from the militia, who in turn, battled with the enslaved Africans until all were subdued, shot or killed. Several of the killed Africans were beheaded and had their heads placed on mile markers on the road. A scene similar to what was done to two of the white storekeepers the rebels killed when they looted Hutchinson’s General Store to procure weapons and ammunition.
Governor Bull wrote a letter to the Royal Council describing the events on September 9, 1739. He requested that a charter be drawn up to help prevent any uprising from slaves in the future. Native Americans were even offered money for being slave catchers.
Essential Question
In what ways do oral histories teach us about historical events and how might historical facts be impacted by memories and personal stories?
Grade(s):
Subject(s):
Recommended Technology:
Other Instructional Materials or Notes:
8
- Internet access for media resources
- Appropriate apps or software capable of uploading digital media and recording voice narrations
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Log In to View LessonStandards
- 8-1 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the settlement of South Carolina and the United States by Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans.
- The human mosaic of the South Carolina colony was composed of indigenous, immigrant, and enslaved populations. To understand how these differing backgrounds melded into an entirely new and different culture, the student will utilize the knowledge and ...
- 8-1.4 Explain the significance of enslaved and free Africans in the developing culture and economy of the South and South Carolina, including the growth of the slave trade and resulting population imbalance between African and European settlers; Africa...
- 8-1.5 Explain how South Carolinians used their natural, human, and political resources uniquely to gain economic prosperity, including settlement by and trade with the people of Barbados, rice and indigo planting, and the practice of mercantilism.
- The human mosaic of the South Carolina colony was composed of indigenous, immigrant, and enslaved populations. To understand how these differing backgrounds melded into an entirely new and different culture, the student will utilize the knowledge and ...
- I Inquiry-Based Literacy Standards
- I.3 Construct knowledge, applying disciplinary concepts and tools, to build deeper understanding of the world through exploration, collaboration, and analysis.
- I.3.1 Develop a plan of action by using appropriate discipline-specific strategies.
- I.3.3 Gather information from a variety of primary and secondary sources and evaluate sources for perspective, validity, and bias.
- I.3.4 Organize and categorize important information, revise ideas, and report relevant findings.
- I.5 Reflect throughout the inquiry process to assess metacognition, broaden understanding, and guide actions, both individually and collaboratively.
- I.3 Construct knowledge, applying disciplinary concepts and tools, to build deeper understanding of the world through exploration, collaboration, and analysis.
- Grade 3: Read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words.
- Grade 2: Make predictions before and during reading; confirm or modify thinking.
- Grade 4: Consult print and multimedia resources to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words or phrases.
- Grade 6: Analyze the impact of selected media and formats on meaning.
- C.MC Meaning and Context
- C.MC.2 Articulate ideas, claims, and perspectives in a logical sequence using information, findings, and credible evidence from sources.
- C.MC.2.1 Gather relevant information from diverse print and multimedia sources to develop ideas, claims, or perspectives emphasizing salient points in a coherent, concise, logical manner with relevant evidence and well-chosen details.
- C.MC.2.3 Quote and paraphrase the data and conclusions while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.
- C.MC.2 Articulate ideas, claims, and perspectives in a logical sequence using information, findings, and credible evidence from sources.
- C.LCS Language, Craft, and Structure
- C.MC Meaning and Context
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Log In to View LessonLesson Created By: Cherlyn Anderson and Margaret Lorimer
Lesson Partners: Knowitall.org, S2TEM Centers SC