Modeling is an additive process. The artist builds up a soft, flexible material such as wax or clay, piece by piece. These soft materials are fragile. They don’t usually last very long, so they have to go through another process to make them more permanent. Clay can be fired in a kiln. Both wax and clay may be used to make a mold for casting.
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Grades
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Carving is a subtractive process. A carver removes bits and pieces of a hard material, slowly revealing the desired shape. Many different things can be carved – stone, marble, wood, plaster, plastic...