No Mercy: Sherman's Fury | Mary Long's Yesteryear (1989)

The rampage of William Tecumseh Sherman through South Carolina near the end of the Civil War is examined.

After burning Atlanta on November 14, 1864, Gen. Sherman moved through Georgia, completing his March to the Sea. Capturing Savannah in late December, he then turned toward South Carolina. Sherman was a Southern sympathizer and did not oppose slavery. However, he did oppose secession. He had difficulty maintaining discipline over his troops,who were constantly accused of looting, pillaging and plundering. The laws of Congress made these acts punishable by death, but Sherman seemed to lack the will or the desire to enforce this proclamation. Many of the men were from the middle West and bore hatred and prejudice for Southerners and blacks alike, and had joined for the plunder to be found in the South. 

Although they had cut a swath 60 miles wide through Georgia, the soldiers saved their pent-up fury for South Carolina. In January 1865, Sherman divided his Army and the invasion of South Carolina had begun, 60,000 strong. The right flank, under Gen. Oliver Howard, proceeded into Beaufort, and the left flank, under Gen. Henry Slocum, crossed the Savannah River 30 miles up river. Governor Andrew McGrath sought aid from everywhere, even Robert E. Lee, who was having his own problems in Richmond with Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. Lee sent a detachment of cavalry under Wade Hampton but questioned how it would help the Confederacy to have both Sherman and Grant in South Carolina.

Blaming South Carolina for leading nullification and secession, Sherman wrote that the whole Army was, "burning with an insatiable desire to wreak vengeance upon South Carolina. I almost tremble at her fate but.feel that she deserves all that is in store for her. I look upon Columbia as quite as bad as Charleston." Entering South Carolina, houses and churches were burned to the ground. Sherman veered to the right toward Charleston and to the left toward Augusta, so the Confederate commanders had no idea where he intended to go. They spread what troops they had thinly across the Lowcountry, deciding that Sherman's goal was Charleston. Valuables were sent to Columbia for safe-keeping. Refugees crowded the roads to Columbia, trying to escape.

The city of Columbia lay defenseless. On February 17, 1865, Sherman and his troops entered Columbia, virtually unopposed. Watching the lines of blue uniforms as they moved into the city, Gen. Wade Hampton realized that resistance was useless and moved his troops to a hill overlooking Columbia and watched helplessly as Columbia fell. A distillery was broken into, and within a short time, 10,000 drunken soldiers were scattered throughout the streets of Columbia. Union officers were appalled by the actions of some of their troops, who were committing grievous offenses against women, and many died as a result. Troops were sent to destroy the homes of prominent South Carolinians, one of which was Millwood, the home of Wade Hampton. At dusk, fire broke out. Over three-fourths of the city was destroyed by fire. Today, stars on the State House remain, marking the places where cannon fire struck.

Sherman's well-known quotation that ends with, "War is hell," is provided near the end of the program. 

Standards

• 3-4 The student will demonstrate an understanding of life in the antebellum period, the causes and effects of the Civil War, and the impact of Reconstruction in South Carolina.
  • South Carolina played a key role in events that occurred before, during, and after the Civil War; and those events, in turn, greatly affected the state. To understand South Carolina’s experiences during this tumultuous time, the student will uti...
    • 3-4.4 Summarize the course of the Civil War in South Carolina, including the Secession Convention, the firing on Fort Sumter, the Union blockade of Charleston, the significance of the Hunley submarine; the exploits of Robert Smalls; and General William...
• This indicator was developed to encourage inquiry into the continuities and changes experienced by Americans of various genders, positions, races, and social status during the Civil War.
  • This indicator was developed to encourage inquiry into the effects of military strategies to include but not limited to: wartime technologies, the Anaconda Plan, conscription, and Sherman’s March to the Sea.
  • This indicator was developed to encourage inquiry into the relationship between the Civil War and the experiences of women, African Americans, and the planter class in South Carolina.
• 8-4 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the multiple events that led to the Civil War.
  • The outbreak of the Civil War was the culminating event in a decades-long series of regional issues that threatened American unity and South Carolina’s identity as one of the United States. To understand how South Carolina came to be at the cent...
    • 8-4.5 Compare the military strategies of the North and the South during the Civil War and the fulfillment of these strategies in South Carolina and in the South as a whole, including the attack on Fort Sumter, the Union blockade of Charleston and other...
• This indicator was designed to encourage inquiry into the continuities and changes of the experiences of marginalized groups such as African Americans, Native Americans and women, as the U.S. expanded westward and grappled with the development of new states.
  • This indicator was designed to encourage inquiry into the Civil War focusing on the impacts of military strategies and major turning points on South Carolina and the U.S.
  • 8.3.E Utilize a variety of primary and secondary sources to analyze multiple perspectives on the effects of the Civil War within South Carolina and the United States.